Lump & Mass Assessment

Why Evaluation Matters

Finding a new lump on your pet is understandably concerning, but many growths in dogs and cats are benign. Lipomas, cysts, warts, and skin tags are common and typically harmless. That said, some lumps are malignant, and the only way to tell the difference is through proper evaluation.

This is why early assessment matters. Identifying concerning growth early improves treatment outcomes. Waiting to see if a lump changes can allow a serious problem to progress undetected. When in doubt, have it checked.

Common Types of Growths

• Lipomas are soft, movable fatty tumors common in middle-aged and older dogs. They're almost always benign but can grow large enough to cause discomfort.

• Sebaceous cysts form when oil glands become blocked, creating firm, round lumps that may eventually rupture and drain a thick material.

• Warts and skin tags are common benign growths, particularly in older pets.

• Mast cell tumors are among the most common skin cancers in dogs and can look like nearly anything, which is why testing matters even when a lump appears unremarkable.

• Soft tissue sarcomas, melanomas, and other cancers can also present as lumps on or beneath the skin. Some grow slowly while others are aggressive, making early evaluation essential.

I found a lump on my pet. Should I be worried? 

Not necessarily, but it should be evaluated. Most lumps are benign, but some require removal or more urgent attention. An assessment will clarify what you're dealing with and whether any action is needed.

What is a fine needle aspirate? 

A fine needle aspirate (FNA) uses a small needle to collect cells from a mass for examination under a microscope. It's quick, minimally invasive, and most pets tolerate it without sedation.

Does my pet need sedation for a fine needle aspirate? 

Usually not. Most pets do fine awake with gentle restraint. If the mass is in a sensitive location or your pet is anxious, mild sedation may be recommended.

How accurate is cytology? 

It's a useful first step and can often distinguish between benign and malignant growths. Some masses yield inconclusive results, in which case a biopsy may be recommended for a definitive diagnosis.

What's the difference between cytology and a biopsy? 

Cytology examines individual cells collected with a needle. A biopsy examines a tissue sample, providing more detail about the structure and margins. Biopsy requires sedation or anesthesia but delivers more definitive results.

Can you tell if a lump is cancerous just by looking at it? 

No. Benign and malignant growths can look identical on the surface, so testing is the only reliable way to know for certain.

If the lump is benign, does it still need to be removed? 

Not always. Many benign growths can simply be monitored over time. Removal may be recommended if the mass is growing, causing discomfort, or located in a vulnerable area.

How quickly do I need to act? 

Most lumps aren't emergencies, but prompt evaluation is still recommended. Rapid growth, changes in appearance, ulceration, or signs of discomfort are all reasons to be seen sooner.

My older dog has multiple lumps. Is that normal? 

It's common. Older dogs often develop benign growths such as lipomas, cysts, and skin tags. New lumps should still be evaluated, since cancer also becomes more common with age.

How much does a lump evaluation cost? 

It depends on what's needed. Physical exams and fine needle aspirates are relatively inexpensive. Biopsy, histopathology, and surgical removal vary based on size, location, and complexity. Pricing is discussed before any testing or treatment is recommended.